Improvement in affakatdb for transmitting rotary motiow



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Letters Patent No. 96,395, dated November 2, 1869.

:MnovnMnNr nv APPARafrUs :fon TRANSMITTING nouns' Monos.

The Schedule refarr'odto in these Latter: Patent: and making im o! thelame.

. To all whom it may concern Be. itknown that L'Mnnvitnn Comunas, ofSpringfield,` in the county of Hampden, in the State otMas-.

sachusctts, have invented a new and useful 'Device' for TransmittingRotary Motion and Power from one revolving shaft of machinery toanother. which I denominate The Pivoted Crank-Shaft Conpler; and I dohereby declare. thatthe. following is at'ull and exact description ofthe const-motion and operation of the same, reference hein;r had to theaccompanying drawings, and to thev letters of reference nnlrked thereon,

making part of this specification.

Fgnrel is a side elevation of the said device, shown coupling together avertical and a horizontal shalt; t

yFigure 2 is :t similar side elevation of 'the same when the connectedshafts are revolved on their axes one-fourth of a revolution from ytheirposition showp lin fig; 1.

Figure 3 is an inside plan view of the pivoted crank arms of thevertical shaft.

` Figure 4 shows a inode of construction of the piv' oted crank-arras,so that they shall eachother on their shafts'.

'The red-ink diagram lines'on the figures' are employed to illustratemechanical features ot 'construction and operation of the device.

counter-balanc ,Like mais refer to are pms man' the figuresy where theyare employed.

- The nature ofvvmy said invention consists, c hiey, in connecting anyt-wo revolving shafts together, for propelling machinery, by means ofone or more pairs ot' crank-arais,.which are attached, at their innerends,

to the connected ends of the shafts by `a'pivoted connection thereto,and which are pivoted together, at their outer ends, in such 'a manner,substantially 'as hereinaiter set. forth, as to ena-ble, thereby, thetransmission 'of equal and uniform rotary power and motion from oneshaft to the other, whether the said shafts are set in line witheachother, or set in lines diverging from each other.

Referring to the drawings -for a description of the construction andoperation of thesaid devicea and b are Atwo rev-olvingshalts, foroonnnunieating motion to machinery, which :u'econnected together by mysaid pivoted crank-shalt cou-pier, the shaft a heing vertical, and .theshaft b horizontal, so that the whose inner ends are forked, as -s'hownin tig'. 3, and pivted on a pivot-pim'j, which is fixed, centrally', 'inthe end of the hub c, and is at right angles to it.

k and l are 'twosimilar pivoted crank-arms, of equal lengths, pivoted tothe hub e4 by the pivoted pin m, as h and i are pi'oted to the h'ub c.

As shown in iig. ,3, the centre line n. o, o f the pivot- `pin j, is atright angles to the linep q; which is the centre line ofthecrank-armsltand i.

` The two crank-arms, h and i, of thc shaft a, are joined, at theirouter ends, ,to the two crank-arms k and l, of the shaft b, byball-and-socket-joints, whose centres are, respectively, at thev pointsof intersection of the centre lines of the crank-arms so joinedtogether, the. crank-arm h being connectethbyits ball 11, -to thecrank-arm k, by its socket-box a, and the clankarm o', being similarlyconnected, by its ball t, to the crank-arm l, by its'socicet-hox u.

The ball-aml-soeket joints r s and t u are properly era11k-\vrists,"connecting the' crank-arms together in pairs, by universalpivjotconnection, and theyare vthe points at .which motionand power aretransn'iitted from the appendages of one shaft to the like appendages ofthe other shaft.

Each of the pair. of crank-arms, It. and k, is of exactly equal length,measured in a straight lir'e, drawn from thel centre pointot' theirball-antl-stwket. joint.,

to the centre points of theirnner-end'pivotpins; and Y similarly, eachof the pair of crank-arms 'i and l must vhe of exactly equal length.

Thus, the line 'v w is the lenfrth of Ithe crank-arm h, and the equalline v x is the length of the crnkarm k,- and similarly, the' line y'wis the length ofthe crank-arm t', and the equal lille y :u is the lengthof the clank-arm l.

To aid in describing the principles of construction and operation of-thedevice, reference will now b e made to the. red-inkA diagram lines'onthe figures.

z tt' is theialxis-line ofthe shaft a la' c' is the line' of the shaft1)',- and d is the point of their intersection.

e' f' is a. line, bisecting the angle of intersection' of theaxis-linesz` a and b c', and it is at an angle of fortyive degrees toeach of them. r The centre points, w and x, ot' the pivot-pins j and m,are at equal distances from the inteisection pointd. The line g h',passing through' the pivot-points 'w Aand z, is at right angles to theiiue e' f', and i is their point of intersection.

The line v w (representing the crank-arm hjeis at an angle oftwenty-twoand one-half degrees from a right-angle'line to the axis of the shaft'a, and the line o y, of the crank-ann k, is similarly at an angle' ot'twenty-two and one-half degrees from a rightangle line tothe axis oftheshaft b, vso that the angle of intersection of the crank-arm lines lv wand o :c is fort)l -tive degrees.

The line y w, of the crank-arm i, is at all angle of twenty-two alldone-hall` degrees witll the axis-lille of the shall'I a, and the line y11:, of the crank-arm l, is similarly at all angle of twenty-two andone-half degrees with the axis-line of the shaft b, so that t-lle angleof intersection ol' the crankarlll lines y w and y :l: is forty-'li vedegrees.

fj isa circle, whose centre is at the intersection point i', and wlloseradius is the line 'i' 'v or i y, the line e y bein.;r its diameter.This ci-rcle'jf represent-s a perfect spllere, in whose circumference,and. ill a plane, ot' wllicll the lille c y is the horizontalprojection, the centre pivot-points ofthe ball-andsocket joints r s andt u will always move, when the drivingsllaft, oftlleshafts a and Il, isrevolved.

This plane. of circular movement of these centre.

'pivot-points., is ll 1 idway between, and crosses at an an gie offorty-tivc degrees, and at` their intersecting line, the planes ofrotation of the, pivot-pinsj and m ofthe shafts a and b.

Fig. 1 sllows the shafts a and b, and the crank-arms, in one position ofa. revolution, and iig. 2 shows the same ir. a position one-fourth of arevolution of them from the position shown in lig. 1. .v

The crank-arms h and k, in the position shown in tig. 2, being,respectively, partly horizontally opposite to the crank-arms 'i 'and1,'are not wholly shown ill that figure of the drawing.

VIleu the'shafts a and ll are revolved to a position of olle llalfof arevolutiorrof theln from the position .shown ill tig. 1, tllecrank-arlnsh and 'i will have exchanged positions with each otller, andsimultaneously the clallkqlrlns k and l will also have. exchangedpositions with eachother. Similarly, when' the shafts a and b arerevolved one-halt' of a ljevohnion of them from the position shown illfig. 2, the clank-arms h and i will have. exchanged positions with eachother, and, inthe salllc tilne,the crallk-arms 7.: alld Zwill haveexchanged positions with each other.

In the positions of the crank-arms, shown ill fig. 2, the dotted lines m'mf' sllow a vertical sei-tion through the cent're of thel crank-arm I,on the lille :zn-', and the dotted lines l" l" sllow a horizontalsection through .the centre of the erallk-arlll I, on the lille b' c.

The crank-arms change posiliills relative to one another, afnd to theirrespective shafts, by rotary and pivot movements, as follows, viz:

n'revolving the shaft-s a and b, from the position shown in fig. 1,tothe position shown ing. 2, or. onefifty-tive degrees, and, at the.saine time, each ot' thc pairofcrallk-arlns, 1'. and I, turns outward onits innerelld.s'llait-pivot, all angle of thirty-live degrees, and,simultaneously, each crank-arm turns on its outeren( pivot, all angleot' forty-tive degrees, ill a direction of movement at right angles toits just-described diilrln simnltalleously turns on its outer-end pivotall angle of ten degrees ill an inward direction -of movenlent, at rightangles to its other just-described direction ofouter-elldpivotnlovelnentl On revolving a and 7l, in the same descrihed'direction,.one-fourth of a revolution more, all 'the clankarms will be carried byrotary movements olle-fourth of a revolution lllore about theirshaft-axes, and, si lnllltalleonsly, each of the. pair of crank-arlnshand Ic will continue its bollire-described inner-end pivot movements,and tnrll all angle of thirtyve degrees more onits respectiveshaft-pivot, and, at the saule time, each ot' the pair ot' crank-arms,'i and l, will continue its before s described inner-end pivot movements, turning all additional angle of' iifty-fivedeurees on itsYrespective shaft-pivots, and, simultaneously, eachfcranklarm makes equalalld reverse outer-chil pivot. movements,from those just beforedescribed of thelll ill the first one-fourth of a. revolution ol' c andb.

On revolving a and b in the same described dire-ctoll, one-halt` ot' arevolution more, t-hus completing one entire. revolution of them, `allthe'crank-arms will be carried by rotary movements one-half of arevolution more about their shall-axes, alld, simultaneously, they willall take their first-named positions ot' inner' alld outer-end pivoting,(sllown in fig.-1,) by eqnalanrl reverse innerfend pivot movements, andequal and silllilar outer-end pivot movements, to those describedofthenrin the-tirst-described one-llalfrcvolution ot' a and ll.

` Both of the described mner and outer-'end pivot movell'lents ot' theclank-arms are not oscillating or vibrating pivot movements,in'whichmotioll of the crank-arms is snspended,alld their inert-iarequired to be overcome at each termination of the, 'pivot nlove`ment-s; but their described pivot movements arewith- -elilledfortytive.del:rces to, and crossing, as described,

the planes o't' rotary'movenlent in which their inner ellds morecontinuously alld freely. The device, therefore, adlllits `of highspeed, alld uniform, undisturbed, and colltilluons rotary motions ot'the shafts aand b and their connecting p'alzts,

Equal alld nnitoljln power and motion maybe transmitted froml one shaftto the other, as from a to Ii, at all poillts ot' a revolution of them,by means ot t-lle dei scribed pivoted crank-shaft coupler. This isevident, witllollt furtheranalysls of the mechanical principlesofconstruction alld action of the device., when it is rouside-rcd thatthe. shafts n alld b, and their connecting parts, are adapted, assllowl: alld described, for free and l'lninternpted nllvenlellts intheir required directions of rotation at a-ll points of a revolutionot'them,

alld when it is further considered that the described and sllownconstruction anu adaptation of the crankarms (which connect the twoshnftsfand areth'c means vottransmission ot' power alldlnotioll fromoncsllatt to the other.) are such, that tlloseclank-arllls, which are4connected with each other, 'arc like and equal, and

llavethe salue movements and thc s alne mechanical lid-ations to their,respective shafts for transll'lt-ting powerannfmotion at'all'points ofa. revolution ot' them.

In order to produce steady rotary lllovelllents of the shafts aalld b,and their connectiugl:v parts, without shaking or jarring on theirsupporting journal-boxes, (l alld f, the. crank-arllls and theirappendageson each shaft mast be balanced at all points ot'a revolutionot the shafts (l and 1;.

There are various ways and .modes ill which this may he dolle..

One way ill which each crank-arm und its .appenda'ges may beindependently lialanced'at all points of a'revolntioll, and atallrequired positions of the shaft-s a alld Il, is to extend each crank-armacross its shaft, so thatit will, witll its appendages, 'be balanced onits shaft-pivot.- lhe dotted lines, k' and l', ill liv. 1, showfcteusion and balancing,r of the two crank-arms h Another way ofbalancing the cranloarlns is to extend each crank-arm across-its shaft,so that the .centre of gravity ofthe. two parts ot' the two crank-arms,lying ori the one side ot' tllcir shaft, shall he, at all points ofarevolution, the saine distance ont at right angles froni the axis oftheir shaft, as is theecllt-re of gravity ofthe two parts of thel sametwo crank-arms lying on the other opposite side of the shall. Such a waypart l'ot' the erankarm 1', I ringdntheir side of the shaft a, is thesamtdistance'. ont ina right-angle line from the axis ot' the shaft a,at all ponts'ot' a revolution of a, asis the'ceutre ot' gravity ot' thatpart ot' the crankarm, and the extended part k ot' the crank-arm It,lying on the opposite side 'ot' the s'haft a.

One mode ot' balancing the' crank-arias is to make one crankarm and itsappendages bnlancethe, other opposite crank-arm and its appendages pnthe same shaft, atall points ot'a revolution ot'tllwshafts.

In the position shown in fig. 2, they would ot' themselvesl balance cachother, because= they are alike iu construction, and have opposite andlike relative positions to their respect-ive shal'ts. But, iu theposition shown in fig. 1,.they would he out ot' balance, because theyhave different relative positions 'to their shafts,

and their centres of gravity are consequently at un-A equal distancesfrom the axis ot'the shafts.

Balancing the crank-anus of each shaft by this described modeot'balancing, may bedone in one way, by-propcr disposition ot' weightsattached to theA crankarms. Figs. l and 2 show such use of weight-s.

The weights m and n', on the crank-arms h and@- of the shaft a, and theweights o' and -1)',jon the crank-- arms k and l, are for that purpose.'They are, as shown, adjustable both longitudinally and at right anglesto their respective cra'nkearms, but they ,may be adapted for only oneot' thoseladjustments, or for tixed, non-adjustable attachment to theirrespective crank-arms, and accomplish the same required result 0fbalancing.

The weights are similar and equal, and are placed similarly on theirarms, at equal distances't'rom their inner ends, so that when onecrank-arm is swung t'ur- 'therout from its shatt than the othercrank-arm on the same shaft is, the attached weight of the former isthrown nearer the shaft than is the attached weight of the latter arm,as shown in ngz-1 t In such-described use ofthe we|ghtsit is necessary,

that in the position shown in tig. 1, the centre of gravity of the onecrank-arm, and itsadded weight and itis appendages, shall he at a pointin a line passing through the centre ot' their shaft-pivot, opposite ytoand at the samedistance out from the axis ot its shal't, as isthe centreot' gravity ot' the opposite crankarm, its weight and appendages.

`Thus the centre of gravity ot' thefcrank-arm h, its

weight m', and other appendages, when atthepoiut ,g,-will, at all.points of a revolution of the shaft a,.

balance the 'crank-armi, its weight n', and its other appendages, whenthe centre ot'. gravity of the latter is at the opposite point fl.Similarly 4when the ciank-arm It', its weight o', and

its other appendages 'have the centre of their gravity at the point s',they will balance, as required, the crank-armi, its weight p', and itsother appendages,

when the centre of'gravity ot'fthe latter is at theopposite point t.

By the same mode of balancing as last-described,

the crank-arms of each shatt may be so constructed as to balance cac-hother and their appendages at all l points of a revolution ot' theshafts a and b.

Such a way ot' balancing is shown in`tig.4, in which the crank-arms areshown curved attheirinne' forked ends, iu such a. manner that whenone'cmnk-ami of -one shaft is swung tin-'ther out from its shat't thanis the other arm of the same shaft, the curved inner end ofthe tin'meris swung nearer to the shaft than is the curved inn'er en d ot' theother ar'm, so that the centre ot' gravity ot' the crank-arm u', and itsappendages, being at the point c', andthe centre of gravity ot' thecrank-ann ur', and its appendages, being at the opposite point x', andat the same distance that the point v' is from the axis of their shafta, they .will balance I pendages, being each other at all points o fzii-evolution; and, similarly, the centre ot' gravity of .thecrai'ik-arm y', and its apat the point z, and the centre 'of gravity ofthe crank-arm a", and its appendages, being at the opposite point b",they'will also balance each othlcrat all points ot", a revolution of theshafts a am b.

In similar construction of the crank-arms, as shown in tig. 4, ifweights'are'required to balance them, they may be used eitheron theinside ot' the crank-arms,

as1 the weights d 'on the crank-arms u w', or'oon the outside of vthecrank-arms, as the weights f' j",

Intig. 4 is shown amodeot connecting the. outer ends ot' each pair ofcrank-arms together' by pivot-pins, which may he used, in some-cases, insubstitution for the described ball-:md-socket-joint connection of them,but. not with equal `advantages ot' accuracy of movements intransmissie/n ot' power and motion, and durability ottheconnectiug-parts.

In the outer end ot' the crank-.arm w'lis securcdpthe pivot-pin c", setin the line e ff, iceutrallywith its crank-arm. It passes through.thejputer end ot? t-he crank-arm af, connecting it .to thev crank-armw', and

forming a pivot for it to turn on. To admit ot' both ot' thebefore-described outer-end pivot movements ot' the connected crank-arms,the

pivot-piu c" must not only be made to turn, but also to rock in the endofthe crank-arm u", 'as by enlarged tapering of the pivot-hole in a",asi-shownby the'dot ted lines d", which represent a vertical section onthe vline z at', through the centre of crank-'arm w', when, the shatts'aand b are revolved one-fourth of a revolution from the other positionshown in liu. 4.

The' crank-armsn' and y arejcounected .togetherby-j the p ivot-pin g",similarly as describedof4 the crankarms 'w' and a". f"

The shafts a and b may be placed. at other angles than at right angleswith each other, and'equal and unit'orm power` and motion he transmittedti'om'one shatt to the other by the described pivoted crank-r -To dothis, and for suitable and convenientadjust' ments of the shafts c andb, and theironnectiugparts, so as to be well secured and supported intheir proper relative positions, the supporting-plate g is used, and itis adapted so that theshat't a may be' swung as on a pivot at the pointw, and so that the shaft b may also be swung as'on a pivot at the pointx, by meansot making these firing-bolts h" h h h' ofthe journal-box dpass through and be adjustable in curved slots in the plate g, and bymeans of making the securing-bolts j"j"j'1 ot' the journal-box f'passthrough and be adjustable in similar curved slotslfkfin the plate g.'41u the described adjustments ot' the shafts to other angles with eachother than a right angle., each shaftshouldbe swung -equally toward theother, if more .than nlnet-y degrees is required to be turned by it,

and from -each other if less than ninety' degrees is required to beturned by them.,

The construction or adjustment of the described pivoted crank-shaftcoupler may he,it'desi1able, made such that the crank-arms of each ypairshall be vat greater, or less angles with each other, and with theirshafts, than those shown aud described; ,but inA all 'cases itisnecessary that the crank-arms ot' each pair be lof equal lengths, andthat'they have 'respectively the same relative positions totheir shattsat all points ot' a revolution.

Moving the shafts a and b equally andlsimllarly in a longitudinaldirection, either inwardfor outward, wouldbe such an adjustmentof thedevice as would make the crank-arms of each pair at greater or le'ssangles with each other and with their shatts, and the crankarms ot' eachpair 'would be of equal length,

and have the same relative positions to their shafts at all points ofarevolution, and when. so adjusted. the device could be used to transmitequal and uniform power and motion from the one shaft to the other,similarly as before described of it. v

To enable longitudinal adjustments o f the shafts a and b, adjustablecollars may be attached to the shafts la and b, or to their hubs c andc, onl bothsides of the.

journal-boxes d and f, and the shaftsbe adjusted, as required,longitudinall y, by moving the collars equally out or in on their hubsor shafts. 'L-

In tln's just before-described dercnt constructionor adjustment of thecrank-arms, the centre pivotpoints of the outer ends of thcvcrank-axmswould not move in a true circle, as they' do when constructed andadjusted as shown in the drawings.

` One pair of the crank-arms, as h and 7c, or 'i and l, may be dispensedwith, and equal and unilorm motion and power be transmitted by theremaining pair fromv one shalt to the other; but the described `use ofthe twopairs is most'advantageous, because, when both pairs are used,'the transmission of power and motion from -one shaft to the other, asfrom a to b, is accom-` plished by distribution'and'action ofeqnalmoments of driving-three al'.I opposite points, on `both sides ofthe shafts, producing thereby the very important'i'esuit of a balancedtransmission of rotary force fromonc shaft to the other,.wbich isevidently not obtained by the use of only one. pair of crank-arms.

The.supporting-plate'g is not indispensably necessary, for the describedpivoted crank-shaft coupler may be suitably adjusted and secured in itsrequired position for the purposes described of it, by other means ofattachment of supporting journal-lames.

The shafts a. and b may be, secured to their hubs c andc by any othersuitable and commonly-known modes' of shaft-conuection for suchpurposes.

The pivot-pinsj and m maybe ofany-other desired form of constructionwhich adapts them for their described purposes, and they maybe connectedto their hubs c and e in various ways commonly known for .similarpurposes. i

The crank-arms may be connected in various ways to their inner-endpivots, as by journal-,boxes of anv known kind, adapted to admit of thedescribed innerend pivotI movements 'and action, and thev may be adaptedfor taking up wezr'offtheir fi'ctio'nafl surfiices, or toradjustments-of the inner ends-of thecrank-arms to theirdescribed'requred positions.

The. ball-audsocket joints atthe ou'ter ends of th'e clank-arms maybemade. adjustable -in wavs conimonly known, so as to enable taking upfor'wear of their frictional surfaces, or for adjustments of the outerends ot' the crank-arms to` their described required posit-ions. Y

Other modes than those described may be used, both of construction andof connection of the cranks arms tothcir shafts or to each other, whenboth the. construction and connection of the clank-arms adapt them toproduce substantially the same described mechanical action,I intransmission of power and motion from the one shaft to the other, whichthey are employed to connect.

1 cla-im as new, and of my invention- 1. '.lmnsmitting, from onerevolving shaft of machinery to another, equal and uniform rotary motionand power at all points of a. revolution of them, whether the shafts areset 'in lines at right angles to each other, or at various other anglesof divergence from each other, by means of one or more pairs of pivotedcrank-arms, which are employed and adapted to'connect the shaftstogether, and to produce ther`eby substantially the same mechanicalaction as that. described in the described transmission ot' rotarymotion and power from the shaft a to the shaft-b.`

se, 39s 4 2.' The employment of one or more pairs ofpivoted crank-arms,for connecting 'together two revolving` shafts of machi|n`ry, and theadaptation of each pair of-crank-arms to their shafts and to each other,substantially as sct forth, so that the shafts so connected may beadjusted and schuin lilies at right .angles to `each otheror at variousother angles of divergence from each other, -and equal and uniformrotary motion and power be transmitted lthereby from one shaftto the.other, at all points' of a revolution of them, substantially-as setfbrth. y 4.

3. Joinbi" together the outer ends of the crankarms by the describedconnections, or by other connections which enable the described orequivalent rotary and pivot. movemonts oflthe outer ends of thecrank-arms, for the purposes set fol/th, and I further claim saidouter-end connections ofthe crankarms,in combination with the describedinner-end connections of them to their shafts, or with other inner-endconand pivot movements of theintfor the purposes set forth.

4. AT he one pair of crankfarms 7i and k, or their equivalents 'i and 1,in combination with the shafts a` and b, when the said pair ofcrank-'arms is connected togetlier and to the shafts a` and b,substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

5. The twopairs of crank-arms h k and i l, in combination with theshaft-s u and b, when said crank-arms are connected together and to theshaft-s u and b, substantally as described, and so ns to enable therebya. balanced transmission ofrotary i'orce trom one shaft tothe other,substantially as described.

6. 1he weights mrn and o'p', in combination with the crank-arms h i andk l, whcn employed substantially asv described, and for the purposes setforth.

described shaft-coupler, with' the curved slots Vi" and c k,substantially as described, vand for the purposes set forth.

8. The crank-arlnsu and w', with their similar and connected clank-armsy' and a", when constructed substantially as shown and di-scribed, andadapted in their combination together and with the shafts a. and b, forhansmission of rotary force from one shaft to the other, as described,and so as to balance each other on their shafts, substantially asdescribed.

9. Extending each crank-arm of the described shaftcoupler across its shaft. so as to be thereby balanced on its shaft, substantially asdescribed, and for the purposes set forth;

10. Extending each crank-ar1n across its shaft, so

' tbatthe two parts of the two eranksfanns lying on the one. side oftheir shaft shall balance, as required and described, the two parts ofthe same crank-arm lying on the other opposite side of their shaft.

means of weights, adjusted on and attached to the crank-arms,substantially as described. y

4'12. Constriicting the 'crank-arms" siibs'til'l'ifally' as shown anddescribed, so that one crank-arln of one .shaft shall balance, asdescribed, the other opposite; crank-arm of the same shaft.

13. The pvotcd crank-shaft coupler, consisting of the hubs v and e,pivot-pins j and 1n,'pivoted crankarms hi and k I,ball-and-socket-.joints lr s and t u, and )ralaiicing-wciglits m';n ando p', all supported in jom'nal-boxes d and f, and cmmccting the shafts aand b, substantially as described; and for the purposes Bet forth.

MELVILLE OLEMENS.

Witnesses:

Guo. F. CLEMoNs, LAURA D. CLEiaoNs.

nections, which enable `the described inner-exu1 rotary 7. 'lhesupportiugqilate g, in combination with the 11. Balancing the crank-armson their shafts, by'

